Understanding Toxic Leadership and Its Impact
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Understanding Toxic Leadership and Its Impact

Published by When Notes Fly · View original ↗

Explore how toxic leadership harms employees and organizations, focusing on research about narcissism and abusive supervision.

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  1. 12 July 2026 · corrected by Emir Baycan

    Mackey et al. abusive-supervision meta-analysis was published in 2017, not 2012 (matches article's own reference list).

    Before

    A 2012 meta-analysis by Jeremy Mackey, Rachel Frieder, Jeremy Brees, and Mark Martinko, published in the Journal of Management, analyzed 136 independent samples.

    After

    A 2017 meta-analysis by Jeremy Mackey, Rachel Frieder, Jeremy Brees, and Mark Martinko, published in the Journal of Management, analyzed 136 independent samples.

    Why: Verified fix already fully applied across all 5 mentions (intro paragraph, effect-size paragraph, two comparison-table cells, and bibliography entry), all consistently dated 2017. FAQ field does not reference this study. No further changes needed.

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Emir BaycanExpert Contributor