Delays in Systems Explained
Delays separate action from consequence in systems. Turn shower knob, water stays cold, turn more, then scalding. Delays cause overshooting.
What was corrected
The article stated Wiener's half-natural-period oscillation rule, a fixed 20-40% Forrester oscillation figure, that virtually all Beer Game players show the bullwhip, a P&G 8-12-week / 30%-cost / CPFR result, a Sterman 0.73 correlation across 192 teams, and a Trivedi 2003 35% prescribing-error figure.
Qualified the control-theory and model figures, softened the universal-player claim, framed the P&G figures as estimates, generalized the unverifiable 0.73 correlation, and removed the unverifiable Trivedi citation while retaining the clinical point.
Why this is better
Several precise figures and the Trivedi citation could not be verified and were stated too definitively. Corrections scope the claims to what the sources support rather than adding new sources.
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