What Is the Gender Pay Gap: What the Data Actually Shows
The gender pay gap's complexity explained: raw vs adjusted differences and Claudia Goldin's findings.
What is this page about?
An evidence-based explainer of the gender pay gap, distinguishing the raw gap (US women working full-time earned about 83 cents per male dollar in 2024 per the Census Bureau) from the adjusted gap that remains after controlling for occupation and hours, and why both measures matter. It draws on Claudia Goldin's Nobel-winning "greedy jobs" research, Paula England on occupational devaluation, and Correll and Kleven on the motherhood penalty, weighs what discrimination explains versus remaining uncertainty, and reviews interventions that work (pay transparency, universal childcare, used paternity leave, restructuring greedy jobs).
What has been corrected on this page?
Every accepted correction to this page is recorded with the exact change, so readers can see how the page improved over time.
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Bertrand, Goldin & Katz (2010) appeared in AEJ: Applied Economics, not the Quarterly Journal of Economics.
Beforepublished with Marianne Bertrand and Lawrence Katz in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2010
Afterpublished with Marianne Bertrand and Lawrence Katz in the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2010
Why: Verified live: body already correctly reads 'American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2010' in both the main text and the bibliography entry. Checked FAQ (5 Q&A, discusses Goldin's research generally without naming this specific journal) and excerpt - no leftover fabrication found anywhere. Already fully correct, no further action needed.
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