What Is Narcissism: The Psychology of Extreme Self-Focus

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1. 12 July 2026 · corrected by Emir Baycan

   3 corrections applied: The 6.2% NESARC (Stinson et al., 2008) figure is the general-population/community lifetime estimate, not a clinical-setting figure; the article had the two reversed. | Judge, LePine & Rich (2006) is a primary study, not a meta-analysis;

   the meta-analytic emergence-but-not-effectiveness finding is Grijalva et al. (2015), Personnel Psychology. | Maccoby's HBR article 'Narcissistic Leaders' was published in 2000 (book 'The Productive Narcissist' in 2003); there was no 1978 HBR article coining the term.

   Before

   placed NPD at approximately 6.2% over a lifetime in clinical settings and around 1% in the general population | Timothy Judge and colleagues' 2006 meta-analysis examined multiple studies (r=0.34 emergence, r=-0.11 effectiveness) | In 1978, the management theorist Michael Maccoby published an article in the Harvard Business Review

   After

   placed NPD at approximately 6.2% over a lifetime in community samples, an estimate higher than most other community studies, which cluster around 1% | A 2015 meta-analysis by Grijalva and colleagues examined multiple studies and found r=0.34 for leadership emergence and r=-0.11 for leadership effectiveness | In 2000, the management theorist Michael Maccoby published an article in the Harvard Business Review

   Why: All 3 corrections were already applied correctly in the article body, but two secondary locations still had stale/unfixed copies of the fabrications.

   (1) Bibliography: the required Grijalva et al. (2015) 'Narcissism and leadership: A meta-analytic review of linear and nonlinear relationships,' Personnel Psychology, 68(1), 1-47 citation was missing entirely from the Sources list even though the body now cites it - added it (the real, legitimate Judge, LePine & Rich 2006 citation was correctly left in place since it is a genuine primary study, just no longer mischaracterized as the meta-analysis).

   (2) FAQ field contained three stale fabrications matching the original errors: the NPD prevalence answer said '6% in clinical settings and around 1% in the general population' (reversed clinical/community framing); the leadership-and-success answer attributed r=0.34/r=-0.11 to 'A 2006 meta-analysis by Timothy Judge and colleagues' instead of the actual 2015 Grijalva meta-analysis; and the same answer said Maccoby's HBR article was from '1978' instead of 2000.

   Fixed the article content (added bibliography entry) and all three FAQ answers, decoded/re-encoded the faq field (base64->json->base64->json), PUT the post, and verified via re-fetch that both content and faq now show the corrected facts with no stale copies remaining.

   View the full record →

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