Understanding Public Speaking Anxiety and Solutions

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1. 12 July 2026 · corrected by Emir Baycan

   2 corrections applied: The 'beautiful mess effect' was named/studied by Bruk, Scholl & Bless (2018), not Michael Norton (2012) | The Washington University social/speech-anxiety researcher is Thomas L. Rodebaugh, not 'Kate Rodebaugh'

   Before

   Michael Norton at Harvard Business School (2012) demonstrated the 'beautiful mess effect'... A 2014 study by Kate Rodebaugh and colleagues at Washington University found that clinically significant speech anxiety... Neither the Bruk, Scholl & Bless (2018) paper nor the Rodebaugh (2014) paper appeared in the article's Further Reading bibliography at all.

   After

   Anna Bruk, Sabine Scholl, and Herbert Bless (2018) demonstrated the 'beautiful mess effect'... A 2014 study by Thomas Rodebaugh and colleagues at Washington University found that clinically significant speech anxiety... Body text was already correctly fixed with both correct names. Added the two missing bibliography entries: 'Bruk, A., Scholl, S. G., & Bless, H. (2018). Beautiful Mess Effect: Self-Other Differences in Evaluating Showing Vulnerability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(2), 192-205.' and 'Rodebaugh, T. L., et al. (2014). The Structure and Validity of the Self-Statements During Public Speaking Scale in a Large Community Sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(8), 787-793.'

   Why: Body text corrections (Bruk/Scholl/Bless name; Rodebaugh first name) had already landed correctly, but both citations were missing entirely from the Further Reading bibliography. Added both missing citations.

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