The Cobra Effect in Healthcare: Treatment and Harm

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1. 11 July 2026 · corrected by Emir Baycan

   2 corrections applied: 1980 NEJM letter was authored by Jane Porter and Hershel Jick (cited as Porter and Jick) | Correct NEJM 2014 paper is Ahn, Kim, Welch, 'Korea's Thyroid-Cancer Epidemic - Screening and Overdiagnosis,' pp. 1765-1767

   Before

   Hershel Jick and Jane Porter (1980) | Researchers H. Gilbert Welch and Hyeong Sik Ahn published a 2014 analysis in the New England Journal of Medicine

   After

   Jane Porter and Hershel Jick (1980) | Researchers Hyeong Sik Ahn, Ho Jin Kim, and H. Gilbert Welch published a 2014 analysis in the New England Journal of Medicine

   Why: The bibliography entry was already correctly fixed to 'Ahn, H.S., Kim, H.J. & Welch, H.G., Korea's Thyroid-Cancer Epidemic, NEJM 371 (2014): 1765-1767', but two body-text fabrications remained live: (1) the author-order error 'Hershel Jick and Jane Porter' was never fixed to 'Jane Porter and Hershel Jick', and

   (2) a separate body paragraph still attributed the 2014 thyroid-cancer paper only to 'H. Gilbert Welch and Hyeong Sik Ahn' in the wrong order and missing co-author Ho Jin Kim, inconsistent with the already-correct bibliography entry. Both fixed in body content and verified clean on re-fetch.

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