Introduction to Ethics: Understanding Right and Wrong

What has been corrected on this page?

Every accepted correction to this page is recorded with the exact change, so readers can see how the page improved over time.

1. 29 July 2026 · corrected by Emir Baycan

   Corrected the institutional attribution for a real 2019 bystander-intervention CCTV study: the article credited 'University of Amsterdam,' but the real researchers (Philpot, Liebst, Lindegaard, and colleagues) are affiliated with VU Amsterdam and the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, a distinct institution. The study's actual statistics (219 incidents, three countries, approximately 90 percent intervention rate) were accurate and unchanged.

   What the page claimed

   Article attributed a real, accurately-described study to the wrong university, confusing two similarly named but separate Amsterdam institutions.

   What was corrected

   Corrected the institutional attribution to the real VU Amsterdam/NSCR affiliation while preserving the accurate statistics.

   Why: This article was otherwise unusually clean: Milgram's 65 percent obedience finding, the Darley-Latane bystander effect figures, Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment, and the Alsan and Wanamaker 2018 QJE Tuskegee study all verified as accurate and correctly cited.

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